La política comparada en la encrucijada: Problemas, oportunidades y perspectivas desde el norte y el sur/Comparative Politics at a Crossroad: Problems, Opportunities and Prospects from the North and South
Keywords:
política comparada, teoría, métodos, colaboración norte-sur, producción de conocimiento, economía política de la investigaciónAbstract
¿Cómo ha evolucionado la Política Comparada en Estados Unidos desde el cambio de milenio? ¿Qué pueden hacer los investigadores de América Latina, un contexto de trabajo diferente al de Estados Unidos, para contribuir a la política comparada? Los académicos estadounidenses actualmente dan una atención desproporcionada a cuestiones de método, tienden a abordar preguntas sustantivas estrechas y prestan poca atención a cuestiones de teoría. Sin embargo, la comunidad de investigadores en Estados Unidos es diversa, y ninguna tendencia domina mucho tiempo. A su vez, pocos investigadores en América Latina trabajan en las circunstancias conducentes a carreras plenamente enfocadas en la investigación, a diferencia de sus pares en Estados Unidos. Aun así, hay ventajas de trabajar en la periferia, que incluyen un mayor conocimiento de las lenguas y culturas, una capacidad superior para producir “conocimiento denso” y contextualizado, y una proximidad a los fenómenos empíricos de interés que puede hacer más obvio que es lo que está en juego en la investigación. Además, los académicos latinoamericanos pueden beneficiarse al vincularse selectivamente con ideas y colegas en el norte. Por lo tanto, vemos no sólo problemas y obstáculos sino también oportunidades para la política comparativa tanto en el norte como en el sur.
How has the field of comparative politics in the US evolved since the turn of the millennium? What might a scholar based in Latin America, a different working environment than the United States, do to contribute to comparative politics? Researchers in the US currently give disproportionate attention to matters of methods, tend to address narrow substantive questions, and pay inadequate attention to matters of theory. However, the research community in the US is diverse, and no trend dominates for long. In turn, few researchers in Latin America work in the kinds of circumstances conducive to careers focused fully on research that their peers in the US enjoy. Still, there are advantages to working in the periphery, including greater knowledge of the languages and cultures, a stronger ability to produce “thick knowledge” that sets research in context, and closer proximity to empirical phenomena of interest that can make the stakes of research more obvious. Moreover, Latin American scholars can benefit from selectively engaging with ideas and colleagues from the North. We thus see not only problems and obstacles but also opportunities for comparative politics in both the North and South.
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