Mobilization, Schooling and Invalid Vote: The 2009 Federal Election in Mexico
Keywords:
invalid vote, mobilization, elections, schooling, abstention, protestAbstract
In the 2009 midterm federal elections in Mexico, the highest levels of invalid ballots were positively associated with the highest levels of municipal schooling contradicting the common pattern presented in previous federal elections. Furthermore, the presence of mobilization in favor of invalid vote caused that the positive magnitude between schooling and invalid vote was stronger and the positive relationship between abstention and schooling decreased its magnitude. This means that the mobilization in favor of invalid ballot in combination with the schooling achieved its goal of increasing invalid ballots rates at municipalities and reducing the abstention in the same places
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