Responsividad democrática: distintas aproximaciones a un concepto con un amplio potencial - Democratic Responsiveness: Different Approaches to a Concept with Ample Potential
Keywords:
responsividad, democracia, perspectivas sobre la responsividad, representación, responsabilidad, rendición de cuentasAbstract
Después de los procesos de transición, las nuevas democracias se enfrentaron a los retos que implicaba la consolidación de las instituciones y procesos políticos. Así, se abrió paso una nueva agenda de investigación: la calidad de la democracia. Estos estudios revivieron el debate de un concepto clave dentro de la ciencia política: la responsividad, que hace referencia a la capacidad de un gobierno para atender las necesidades o preferencias de sus ciudadanos. No obstante, existen abordajes teóricos de este concepto más allá de la calidad de la democracia, que muestran un amplio panorama de diversidad teórica. Frente a esto, este ensayo tiene como principal objetivo ofrecer al lector una fotografía lo más completa y clara posible de las distintas perspectivas analíticas desde las que se ha pensado este concepto. Además, se complementará este debate al presentar la relación de este concepto con otros cercanos con los que usualmente puede confundirse, como la representación, la rendición de cuentas y la responsabilidad. Por último, se ofrece también un repaso sobre las diversas formas de medición y operacionalización del concepto en estudios empíricos y las principales limitaciones del concepto.
After the transitional processes ended, new democracies faced challenges regarding the consolidation of political institutions and processes. This opened a pathway for a new research agenda: the quality of democ- racy. These studies re-opened the debate around a key concept in Political Science: responsiveness, which refers to a government’s capacity to attend or respond to its citizens’ needs or preferences. However, there are different theoretical approaches to this concept beyond the democratic quality research agenda. Based on this, this essay’s main objective is to offer the reader a broad, complete and clear picture of the different analytical perspectives around the idea of government responsiveness. Additionally, a discussion about the relation of the concept of responsiveness with other close concepts that might be confused with, such as representation, accountability and responsibility is presented. Finally, the essay offers a review of the different ways responsiveness has been measured and analyzed empirically and also some reflections around the limitations of the concept.
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